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If you are undergoing an in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure, you have probably learned many things about the ART procedures and new information, which is very useful. However, there are a few more things you need to know, which include PGD & PGS, preimplantation genetic tests. Though these terms are used mutually, they are different. Although, if you get a chance to visit any PGD Centre in India then the experts can help you with all the needed details. But, for the mean time here we have discussed a few things that can be helpful to some extent in taking a decision.
PGS (Preimplantation Genetic Screening), PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) are the genetic tests performed before IVF or ICSI to find specific genetic disorders. PGS analyzes cells taken from the embryo to screen various chromosomal abnormalities that can cause miscarriage and potential genetic abnormalities like Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
PGD analyzes the cells to expose specific disorders that have a high possibility of passing down to the baby from their parents, such as Huntington’s disease or cystic fibrosis.
The goal of these genetic tests performed at PGD Centre in India is to enhance the chances of picking a healthy embryo with high chances of a healthy pregnancy—these advances making a real difference in preventing birth defects which is nearly one out of 20 pregnancies.
What is PGD (preimplantation genetic diagnosis)?
Benefits of PGD
Generally, couples with a history of severe genetic disorders in their family worry about passing them on to their children. In such cases, PGD can help to diagnose the traces of certain single-gene disorders, which include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia.
PGS Centre in India
The most frequent diseases and disorders diagnosed by tests at any PGS Centre in India are:
BRCA1 & BRCA2 genetic mutations which might cause breast and ovarian cancers in women
Cystic fibrosis
• Hemophilia A
• Huntington’s disease
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Sickle cell anemia
• Tay-Sachs disease
• Spinal muscular atrophy
Dr.Namrathaa MD(OBG)
Fellow in Reproductive Medicine, ART Specialist, Specialist in PGS/PGD,
Trained in Genetic Services Spain,
Member of ASRM, ESHRE
What is PGS or preimplantation genetic screening?
PGS is a test to find multiple genetic disorders or chromosome abnormalities (generally 25-28% of embryos effect based on the woman’s age). After the embryo grows and reaches the blastocyst stage, it is biopsied on the 5th day, i.e., a few cells from the embryo are then sent to a lab to find chromosome abnormalities within each cell.
They are assessed for the number of chromosomes where an embryo consists of a total of 46 chromosomes inherited, 23 chromosomes from mother and 23 from father during fertilization. Embryos with a healthy number of chromosomes are called “euploid,” and those with abnormal chromosomes are called “aneuploid.”
Research says that chromosome abnormalities can lead to miscarriages and failed IVF. The goal of the PGS test is to prevent abnormal embryo transfer into the uterus.
Who benefits most from PGS?
Almost every couple is at risk of abnormal embryos, and the risk is even higher with the increasing age of the woman. An abnormal embryo fails to connect to the uterus, and even if it connects, it ends in a biochemical pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, or the baby is born with abnormalities.
Couples who are at risk of severe male factor infertility, repetitive IVF failures, and older age can choose IVF along with the PGS test to prevent specific congenital disabilities from spreading to babies. Some other benefits of PGS include:
- Reduces the chances of miscarriage
- Reduces the risk of irregular pregnancy
- Detects chromosome abnormalities in an embryo.
- Improve the odds of a healthy pregnancy
- Reduce the time and costs associated with multiple IVF cycles
- Increase the chances of a successful pregnancy in a woman of age 37 or older.
Approximately 70% of miscarriages are happening due to chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy. However, preimplantation genetic screening tests can prevent these miscarriages and also increase your chance of having a healthy and successful pregnancy.
If you are planning your IVF or ICSI treatment, as the fertility expert about PGS & PGD genetic tests and whether the tests necessary for your fertility problems or having any other hereditary problems.
Our fertility specialist, Dr.Namrata, says that PGS/PGD has many medical benefits for your children’s health because they can detect several disorders before transferring into the uterus. Ultimately, genetic tests are nothing more than a healthy baby in your arms!
For more detailed information about genetic tests or facing any infertility problems consult our fertility doctors at Universal Srushti Fertility Center for a definite solution.
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